Pap Smear

A Pap smear (or Pap test) is a screening procedure used to detect abnormal cells in the cervix that could indicate cervical cancer or precancerous conditions. The test is named after Dr. George Papanicolaou, who developed it in the 1940s.

Purpose of a Pap Smear

• Screen for Cervical Cancer: To identify any abnormal changes in the cervix that could develop into cancer if not treated.
• Detect Precancerous Conditions: To find early signs of potential problems that could lead to cervical cancer.
• Monitor Treatment: For women who have had abnormal Pap results in the past, the test helps monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

Follow-Up for Abnormal Results

• Colposcopy: A procedure where a special microscope (colposcope) is used to examine the cervix more closely and possibly perform a biopsy.
• Biopsy: A small sample of cervical tissue may be taken for further examination to determine the presence of cancer or precancerous conditions.

Who Should Get a Pap Smear

• Age and Frequency: The general recommendation is for women to begin Pap smears at age 21 and continue every 3 years until age 29. After age 30, women can either continue Pap smears every 3 years or combine Pap smears with HPV testing (Human Papillomavirus) every 5 years.
• Women Over 65: Those who have had consistent normal Pap results and are considered at low risk may stop screening after age 65, based on their healthcare provider’s recommendation.

HPV Testing

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause cervical cancer. HPV testing can be done alongside Pap smears for more comprehensive screening.
• Testing: HPV testing looks for the presence of high-risk HPV types that are more likely to cause cervical cancer.